An Acute Subdural Hemorrhage Due to a Left Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Rupture Without a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Acute subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is a rare complication that can occur after a spontaneous intracranial aneurysmal rupture. It is commonly associated with a subarachnoid and/or an intracerebral hemorrhage but rarely occurs as an SDH alone. A 52-year-old female presented to our institution with a severe headache and third cranial nerve palsy. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed acute left SDH, without a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and a computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and cerebral angiography demonstrated the presence of a left supraclinoid aneurysm pointing towards the cavernous sinus. Endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm was performed using a flow diverter. A follow-up CT scan revealed a resolved SDH. In similar situations, vascular imaging, such as CTA and cerebral angiography, is required to assess the cerebral vasculature. This case report describes a patient presenting with the sudden onset of a severe headache associated with a cranial nerve palsy and a brain CT scan showing an acute SDH in the absence of trauma or an anticoagulation history. The treating physician should be highly vigilant of the possibility of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm as the underlying SDH etiology.

Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting for Carotid Stenosis: A Single-Center Experience from Saudi Arabia.

PURPOSE: Atherosclerotic stenosis of the extracranial carotid artery accounts for approximately 20% of all strokes. Both carotid artery endarterectomy and carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAAS) are recommended for symptomatic patients with 50% or more stenosis or asymptomatic patients with 70% or more stenosis. CAAS is under-reported in Saudi Arabia, as evidenced by a thorough literature search. In this article, we aim to share our experience of CAAS to call for the necessity of conducting more research on stroke and emphasize the local need of utilizing more endovascular treatments like CAAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center observational study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria consisted of all adult patients (18 years and above) with carotid stenosis who were treated with CAAS. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 66.9±13.5 years (range 30-87 years). All patients were symptomatic (had a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack). The procedure was successful in 14 patients (87.5%), while it failed in 2 patients (12.5%) due to technical reasons. All patients had no stroke or myocardial infarction within 30 days of the procedure. CONCLUSION: Despite the advancement in medicine with free healthcare services in Saudi Arabia, the interventional procedures for secondary prevention of strokes are underutilized. Collaboration between different hospitals will be extremely helpful since few centers in each city are providing such treatments by an expert neurointerventionist and/or strokologist. The good selection of candidates, optimal management of comorbid conditions, and multidisciplinary care may improve outcomes and reduce mortality.

Pure Endovascular Management of an Arteriovenous Malformation and an Aneurysm Both Supplied by Anterio-Inferior Cerebellar Artery: A Case Report and a Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: The tendency of posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (pfAVM) to develop associated aneurysms (AA) is a well-known phenomenon with an increased total risk of rupture. Most pfAVM and AA develop in the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery while the involvement of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is extremely rare. We describe an unusual case of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) supplied by the AICA with a "proximal" AA. This unique combination of vascular lesions has been reported in only four cases so far, limiting the available experience that can safely guide the therapeutic intervention. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: This study describes a 59-year-old female presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, Hunt and Hess grade 4. Angiography demonstrated an AVM fed mainly by the right AICA and draining superficially into the transverse sinus (Spetzler-Martin grade II). In addition, there was a ruptured proximal AICA aneurysm. An endovascular approach was chosen to coil the aneurysm and obliterate the AVM using ONYX in a multi-staged process. The patient recovered well without residual deficit at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a proximal AICA aneurysm and AVM treated by endovascular means. The outcome was very good, considering the technically demanding location. All previously reported cases with exactly similar lesions were managed surgically, with inconclusive outcomes. The data presented in this study are meant to help in decision-making process for similar cases till more data are available.

Cerebellar syndromes as a late presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

We report a patient with late onset ataxia who was initially labeled as idiopathic diabetes insipidus for many years. Pathological and radiological investigations revealed Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This case report aims to draw the attention of physicians to this delayed and rare presentation.